The Effect of NPL and LDR on ROA through BOPO as an Intervening Variable in Digital Banks in Indonesia Period 2020-2024

Authors

  • Transylvania Umi Qollifah Trilogi University, Jakarta Selatan, Indonesia.
  • Rudi Bambang Trisilo Trilogi University, Jakarta Selatan, Indonesia.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.38035/snefr.v2i2.1149

Keywords:

digital banking, NPL, LDR, BOPO, ROA, Intervening

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the effects of Non-Performing Loan (NPL) and Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR) on Return on Asset (ROA), with Operating Expenses to Operating Income (BOPO) as an intervening variable, in digital banks in Indonesia from 2020 to 2024. Employing a quantitative approach with panel data regression using the Random Effect Model (REM), this study examines 7 digital banks registered with the Financial Services Authority (OJK). The results reveal that NPL has a positive and significant effect on BOPO, whereas LDR shows no significant effect on BOPO. Directly, neither NPL nor LDR significantly affects ROA however, BOPO has a negative and significant impact on ROA. Mediation analysis demonstrates that BOPO successfully serves as a full mediator for the effect of NPL on ROA, but fails to mediate the effect of LDR on ROA. These findings underscore that operational efficiency is a critical factor in sustaining the profitability of digital banking.

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Published

2026-09-21

How to Cite

Qollifah, T. U., & Trisilo, R. B. (2026). The Effect of NPL and LDR on ROA through BOPO as an Intervening Variable in Digital Banks in Indonesia Period 2020-2024. Siber Nusantara of Economic and Finance Review, 2(2), 785–792. https://doi.org/10.38035/snefr.v2i2.1149

Issue

Vol. 2 No. 2 (2026): Siber Nusantara of Economic and Finance Review (April - September 2026)

Section

Articles

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Copyright (c) 2026 Transylvania Umi Qollifah, Rudi Bambang Trisilo

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