Determinants of Last Mile Delivery at PT Pos Indonesia Jakarta Oceania Main Branch through Distribution
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.38035/sjtl.v4i2.1110Keywords:
Distribution, Last Mile Delivery, Line Haul Transportation, Mail Processing Centre, Pickup Service, SEM-PLSAbstract
This study aims to analyze the determinants of Last Mile Delivery at PT Pos Indonesia Jakarta Oceania Main Branch through the mediating role of Distribution. This quantitative study employed the Structural Equation Modeling–Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) approach using SmartPLS 4. The study population consisted of 171 employees, while 121 respondents were selected as the research sample using the Slovin formula. The findings indicate that Distribution has a positive and significant effect on Last Mile Delivery (β = 0.359; t = 5.483; p < 0.001). Line Haul Transportation significantly influences Distribution (β = 0.328; t = 4.807; p < 0.001) and Last Mile Delivery (β = 0.252; t = 3.069; p = 0.002). Likewise, Mail Processing Centre has a positive and significant effect on Distribution (β = 0.444; t = 7.350; p < 0.001) and Last Mile Delivery (β = 0.249; t = 3.868; p < 0.001). Pickup Service also significantly affects Distribution (β = 0.155; t = 2.135; p = 0.033) and Last Mile Delivery (β = 0.141; t = 2.040; p = 0.042). Furthermore, Distribution significantly mediates the effects of Line Haul Transportation (β = 0.118; t = 3.698; p < 0.001), Mail Processing Centre (β = 0.160; t = 4.361; p < 0.001), and Pickup Service (β = 0.172; t = 4.861; p < 0.001) on Last Mile Delivery. The adjusted R² values of 0.394 for Distribution and 0.620 for Last Mile Delivery indicate that the proposed structural model possesses satisfactory explanatory power. These findings demonstrate that improving operational performance in Mail Processing Centre, Line Haul Transportation, and Pickup Service enhances Distribution effectiveness, which subsequently strengthens Last Mile Delivery performance within courier logistics services.
References
Alfianto, R., Bisma, M. A., & Sulistiyaningsih, F. (2024). Analisis gagal antar surat dan paket PT Pos Indonesia (Persero) Cabang Sekejati Bandung menggunakan metode Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) dan Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA). Economic Reviews Journal, 3(3), 2479–2489. https://doi.org/10.56709/mrj.v3i3.425
Boysen, N., Fedtke, S., & Schwerdfeger, S. (2023). Last-mile delivery concepts: A survey from an operational research perspective. OR Spectrum, 45(1), 1–58. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00291-020-00607-8
Dobrodolac, M. (2025). Optimization of industrial process management in postal and logistics centers based on transit time quality standards. Journal of Industrial Intelligence, 3(1), 12–19. https://doi.org/10.56578/jii030102
Durán-Micco, J., Alaei, S., & Macharis, C. (2025). Evaluating the impact of horizontal collaboration in logistics systems: A simulation-based study. Transportmetrica B: Transport Dynamics.
Fan, S. (2024). Influencing factors and countermeasures on intelligent transformation and upgrading of logistics firms: A case study in China. PLOS ONE, 19(4), e0297663. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0297663
Feng, C. (2024). Design of logistics sorting algorithm based on deep learning and sampling evaluation. International Journal of Computational Intelligence Systems, 17, 82. https://doi.org/10.1007/s44196-024-00449-0
Fried, T., Goodchild, A. V., Sanchez-Diaz, I., & Browne, M. (2024). The state of sustainable urban last-mile freight planning in the United States. Journal of the American Planning Association.
Galiullina, A., Mutlu, N., Kinable, J., & Van Woensel, T. (2024). Demand steering in a last-mile delivery problem with home and pickup point delivery options. Transportation Science, 58(2), 454–473. https://doi.org/10.1287/trsc.2023.0287
Ghozali, I. (2023). Partial least square. Badan Penerbit Universitas Diponegoro.
Giménez-Palacios, I., Parreño, F., Álvarez-Valdés, R., Paquay, C., Oliveira, B. B., Carravilla, M. A., & Oliveira, J. F. (2022). First-mile logistics parcel pickup: Vehicle routing with packing constraints under disruption. Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, 164, Article 102812. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tre.2022.102812
Hair, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2022). A primer on partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) (3rd ed.). Sage Publications.
Jakfar. (2024). Determinants of logistics distribution efficiency: A case study in Alor District, East Nusa Tenggara. Logistica: Journal of Logistic and Transportation, 2(3), 168–176. https://doi.org/10.61978/logistica.v2i3.677
Kumar, D., & Prashar, A. (2024). Linking resource bundling and logistics capability with performance: Study on 3PL providers in India. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, 73(1), 270–302. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPPM-06-2022-0289
Kumar, I., & Chidambara. (2024). A systematic literature review and bibliometric analysis of last-mile e-commerce delivery in urban areas. Urban, Planning and Transport Research, 12(1), 2357577. https://doi.org/10.1080/21650020.2024.2357577
Lai, P.-L., Jang, H., Fang, M., & Peng, K. (2021). Parcel locker service quality, customer satisfaction, and last-mile logistics performance. Sustainability, 13(23), Article 13268. https://doi.org/10.3390/su132313268
Li, J., Wang, Y., & Liu, H. (2024). The optimization of split demand route planning under metro-truck collaborative distribution. Urban Rail Transit, 10(2). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40864-024-00216-6
Lim, S., Kim, J., & Lee, H. (2022). Logistics service reliability in first-mile and last-mile delivery operations. Journal of Transportation and Logistics Management, 18(2), 85–101.
Liu, S., & Hassini, E. (2024). Freight last mile delivery: A literature review. Transportation Planning and Technology, 47(3), 323–369. https://doi.org/10.1080/03081060.2023.2268601
Ma, P., Yao, N., & Yang, X. (2021). Service quality evaluation of terminal express delivery based on an integrated SERVQUAL–AHP–TOPSIS approach. Mathematical Problems in Engineering, 2021, Article 8883370. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/8883370
Martikasari, A. M., & Yulianto, I. (2024). Proposed package distribution routes at PT. Pos Indonesia Mail Processing Center Bandung. Sainteks: Jurnal Sain dan Teknik, 6(2), 203–213. https://doi.org/10.37577/sainteks.v6i02.656
Masorgo, N., et al. (2024). Last-mile delivery: A process view, framework, and research agenda. Journal of Business Logistics, 45(4). https://doi.org/10.1111/jbl.12397
Meng, W., Meng, L., Han, G., Zhuang, X., Tong, L. C., & Wu, S. (2022). The value of preemptive pick-up services in dynamic vehicle routing for last-mile delivery: Space-time network-based formulation and solution algorithms. Journal of Advanced Transportation, 2022, Article 5052897. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/5052897
Mohammad, W. A. M., Diab, Y. N., Elomri, A., & Triki, C. (2023). Innovative solutions in last mile delivery: Concepts, practices, challenges, and future directions. Supply Chain Forum: An International Journal, 24(2), 151–169. https://doi.org/10.1080/16258312.2023.2173488
Nisa, J., Kumar, A. K. P., & Nathan, R. J. (2025). Logistic service improvement parameters for postal service providers using analytical hierarchy process and quality function deployment. Economies, 13(5), 120. https://doi.org/10.3390/economies13050120
Nuruly, S. (2023). Logistics: Analysis of procurement, distribution, warehousing, and transportation (mini review). Indonesian Journal of Business Analytics, 3(3), 865–874. https://doi.org/10.55927/ijba.v3i3.4566
Ogunnowo, B. E., & Sule, S. S. (2021). Measurement of customer perceptions of logistics service quality. Jurnal Teknik Industri, 22(2), 115–126.
Ray, P., & Paul, A. K. (2023). Last-mile delivery of electronic retailers: Systematic literature review and research directions. Journal of Informatics Education and Research, 3(2). https://doi.org/10.52783/jier.v3i2.238
Ritzinger, U., Brandstätter, G., Krasel, L. F., & Prandtstetter, M. (2024). Collaborative logistics: Optimizing fixed-scheduled container trains. European Transport Research Review, 16, 71. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12544-024-00688-4
Shelly, E. (2022). An overview of logistics. Journal of Entrepreneurship and Organization Management, 11(3). https://doi.org/10.37421/jeom.2022.11.358
Sugiyono. (2023). Metode penelitian kuantitatif, kualitatif, dan R&D. Alfabeta.
Wang, X., & Huang, G. Q. (2021). When and how to share first-mile parcel collection service. European Journal of Operational Research, 288(1), 153–169. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2020.05.049
Wu, K., Lu, Z., & Bai, E. (2025). Optimization of cold chain logistics distribution path considering traffic condition and replenishment along the way. PLOS ONE, 20(1), e0305982. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0305982
Zhao, Y., & Jiang, H. (2026). Hub location and truck platoon routing optimization for courier line-haul networks with carbon benefits under undirected symmetry. Symmetry, 18(2), 369. https://doi.org/10.3390/sym18020369
Zhu, X., Cai, L., Lai, P.-L., Wang, X., & Ma, F. (2023). Evolution, challenges, and opportunities of transportation methods in the last-mile delivery process. Systems, 11(10), 509. https://doi.org/10.3390/systems11100509
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Ridwan Pamunti Sikombong, Erna Mulyati
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Copyright :
Authors who publish their manuscripts in this journal agree to the following conditions:
- Copyright in each article belongs to the author.
- The author acknowledges that the Siber Journal of Transportation and Logistics (SJTL) has the right to be the first to publish under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (Attribution 4.0 International CC BY 4.0).
- Authors can submit articles separately, arrange the non-exclusive distribution of manuscripts that have been published in this journal to other versions (for example, sent to the author's institutional repository, publication in a book, etc.), by acknowledging that the manuscript has been published for the first time at SJTL.
