The Impact of Human Development Components on Poverty Reduction: A Comparative Analysis Across Provinces in Java, Indonesia Using Linear Mixed Models

Authors

  • Abdullah Said Fakultas Ilmu Administrasi Universitas Brawijaya Malang, Indonesia
  • Moch. Zainal Mustofa Fakultas Ilmu Administrasi Universitas Brawijaya Malang, Indonesia
  • Fathir Achmad Sulaiman Fakultas Ilmu Administrasi Universitas Brawijaya Malang, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.38035/sjam.v4i1.660

Keywords:

Human Development Index, Poverty, Education, Health, Expenditure, Linear Mixed Model, Regional Disparities, Indonesia, Java

Abstract

This study examines the impact of Human Development Index (HDI) components: education, health, and expenditure on poverty levels across provinces in Java, Indonesia. Using secondary data from the Indonesian Bureau of Statistics and applying a Linear Mixed Model approach, this research captures both cross-sectional and temporal variations across regions. The findings reveal that education and expenditure have a significant negative effect on poverty, indicating that improvements in human capital and economic capacity contribute to poverty reduction. Conversely, the health index shows a positive and significant relationship with poverty, suggesting a non-linear and complex interaction influenced by structural and demographic factors. The model demonstrates moderate explanatory power, with a pseudo R-squared value of 0.479, indicating that nearly half of the variation in poverty can be explained by the selected variables. These results highlight that poverty is a multidimensional phenomenon requiring integrated policy interventions. The study contributes to the literature by decomposing HDI into its components and employing a multilevel analytical approach to better understand regional disparities in development outcomes.

References

Alkire, S., & Santos, M. E. (2014). Measuring Acute Poverty in the Developing World: Robustness and Scope of the Multidimensional Poverty Index. World Development, 59, 251-274.

Barro, R. J. (2001). Human Capital: Growth, History, and Policy - A Session to Honor Stanley Engerman. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 15(3), 45-58.

Benatar, S. (2016). Poverty and Global Health: Are We Really Reducing Global Poverty? University of Cape Town.

Bloom, D. E., & Canning, D. (2008). The Effect of Health on Economic Growth: A Production Function Approach. World Development, 32(1), 1- 13.

BPS (Badan Pusat Statistik). (2023). Laporan Perekonomian Indonesia.

Deaton, A., & Heston, A. (2010). Understanding PPPs and PPP-based national accounts. American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics, 2(4), 1-35.

Dollar, D., & Kraay, A. (2002). Growth is Good for the Poor. Journal of Economic Growth, 7(3), 195-225.

Hickel, J. (2016). The Divide: A Brief Guide to Global Inequality and its Solutions. Penguin UK.

Kuncoro, Mudrajad. (2013). Metode Riset untuk Bisnis dan Ekonomi Edisi 4. Malang: Penerbit Erlangga.

Martins, F., da Cunha, J., & Serra, F. (2018). Secondary Data in Research – Uses and Opportunities. Iberoamerican Journal Of Strategic Management (IJSM), 17(4), 01-04. doi:10.5585/ijsm.v17i4.2723.

Psacharopoulos, G., & Patrinos, H. A. (2004). Returns to investment in education: a further update. Education Economics, 12(2), 111-134.

Sugiyono. (2022). Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif dan R&D. Alfabeta.

Sugiyono. (2022). Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif. Bandung: Alfabeta

UNDP (United Nations Development Programme). (2020). Human Development Report 2020. New York: UNDP.

UNDP (United Nations Development Programme). (2023). Laporan Pembangunan Manusia.

United Nations. (1995). Report on the World Social Situation. New York: United Nations.

Wolff, J. (2020). Beyond Poverty: A New Framework for Understanding Poverty. Oxford University Press.

World Bank. (2015). Ending Poverty and Sharing Prosperity: Global Monitoring Report 2014/2015. Washington, D.C.: World Bank.

Downloads

Published

2026-05-14

How to Cite

Said, A., Mustofa, M. Z., & Sulaiman, F. A. (2026). The Impact of Human Development Components on Poverty Reduction: A Comparative Analysis Across Provinces in Java, Indonesia Using Linear Mixed Models. Siber Journal of Advanced Multidisciplinary, 4(1), 141–149. https://doi.org/10.38035/sjam.v4i1.660

Issue

Vol. 4 No. 1 (2026): Siber Journal of Advanced Multidisciplinary (April - June 2026)

Section

Articles

License

Copyright (c) 2026 Abdullah Said, Moch. Zainal Mustofa, Fathir Achmad Sulaiman

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Copyright :

Authors who publish their manuscripts in this journal agree to the following conditions:

  1. Copyright in each article belongs to the author.
  2. The author acknowledges that the Siber Journal of Advanced Multidisciplinary (SJAM) has the right to be the first to publish under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (Attribution 4.0 International CC BY 4.0).
  3. Authors can submit articles separately, arrange the non-exclusive distribution of manuscripts that have been published in this journal to other versions (for example, sent to the author's institutional repository, publication in a book, etc.), by acknowledging that the manuscript has been published for the first time at SJAM.