Third-Party Executory Remedies Model : Skema Eksekusi Putusan Mahkamah Internasional atas Pelanggaran CEDAW Rezim De Facto Afghanistan
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.38035/jsmd.v4i2.1076Keywords:
Hukum Tanggung Jawab Negara, Non-Recognition, Remedi Hukum Internasional, Mahkamah Internasional, AfghanistanAbstract
Empat tahun sejak beralihnya kekuasaan ke tangan Taliban, kebijakan yang membatasi hak perempuan Afghanistan mendorong beberapa negara memulai langkah hukum formal ke hadapan Mahkamah Internasional atas dugaan pelanggaran konvensi hak asasi perempuan. Kajian yang telah berkembang selama ini masih terpusat pada persoalan kewenangan mengajukan gugatan dan keterwakilan pihak dalam persidangan, sementara persoalan mengenai bagaimana putusan pengadilan tersebut dapat benar-benar dilaksanakan terhadap penguasa yang secara nyata berkuasa namun tidak diakui sah oleh masyarakat internasional belum mendapatkan perhatian yang memadai. Kekosongan kajian ini bersifat mendasar sebab hukum tanggung jawab negara pada umumnya dirancang dengan asumsi keberadaan pemerintahan yang diakui, sehingga penyaluran ganti rugi maupun penegakan jaminan tidak mengulangi pelanggaran menemui kebuntuan struktural ketika berhadapan dengan kekuasaan yang tidak diakui. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan konseptual, perundang-undangan, dan kasus prospektif untuk merumuskan skema pelaksanaan putusan yang tidak bergantung pada pengakuan diplomatik terhadap penguasa tersebut. Hasil kajian menawarkan model eksekusi remedi tiga pilar, yakni pengelolaan dana pemulihan oleh lembaga internasional pihak ketiga, penghentian kebijakan diskriminatif sebagai kewajiban hukum sepihak, serta putusan deklaratif yang disertai mekanisme pemantauan khusus. Model ini menawarkan jalan keluar konkret atas kebuntuan pelaksanaan putusan internasional tanpa memberi legitimasi politik kepada penguasa yang tidak diakui.
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